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Quote this valuation with its source: Fair value, Potential value and the price at analysis.
FAQ
PYPL — frequently asked questions
Is PayPal Holdings, Inc. overvalued?
In our latest published analysis dated 2026-10-21, PYPL looks meaningfully undervalued. The price recorded at analysis is 57,2 USD versus our fair value of 68,4 USD; the high endpoint is presented separately as potential value of 81,9 USD. That implies roughly 19.5% upside to fair value at that date.
Our latest published report, analyzed 2026-10-21, gives PYPL a fair value of 68,4 USD and a potential value of 81,9 USD. The conclusion is triangulated across multiple valuation models and weighted by reliability for PayPal Holdings, Inc.'s archetype; it is a dated research output, not a live price.
Should I buy PYPL now?
Our latest published rating for PYPL, analyzed 2026-10-21, is Buy. PayPal Holdings, Inc. looks meaningfully undervalued at the analysis-date price of 57,2 USD versus fair value of 68,4 USD; potential value is 81,9 USD. This is research for educational purposes, not personalized investment advice.
What are the biggest risks for PYPL?
The dedicated bear-case section in our report analyzed 2026-10-21 documents PayPal Holdings, Inc.'s material risks, evidence, thresholds, and thesis-invalidation conditions. Scenario-specific explanations remain in that section so the report does not repeat or decontextualize them elsewhere.
What is PYPL's rating?
Our latest published rating for PYPL, analyzed 2026-10-21, is Buy, with a published moat assessment of 7/10 (Narrow). It reflects our fair value of 68,4 USD, the potential value of 81,9 USD, and the price recorded at analysis (57,2 USD).
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§1 Resumen ejecutivoEN
Respuesta en 30 segundosBuy
Precio frente a valor
Precio
$57.20
Valor razonable
$68.37
Valor potencial
$81.87
A fecha de
2026-10-21
Por qué puede funcionar
Accelerated adoption of Fastlane guest checkout and monetization of Venmo commerce, converting high-volume transactions into higher-margin fees while strong free cash flow powers ongoing share retirement.
Qué cambiaría nuestra opinión
Branded checkout volume growth decelerates below 1.0% in consecutive quarters.
PayPal is rated Buy with 19.5% upside from $57.20 (as of 2026-10-21) to Fair value $68.37, supported by durable transaction processing scale, disciplined operating cost controls, and substantial share buybacks.
We assign a Buy rating to PayPal. For an ordinary investor, this indicates an attractive opportunity to build a position in a dominant global payments network whose durable cash flow generation is undervalued by the market.
At $57.20 (as of 2026-10-21), the shares trade at an implied return of 19.5% to our Fair value of $68.37. If strategic initiatives such as Fastlane guest checkout and Venmo monetization gain rapid market adoption, the valuation could reach Potential value of $81.87.
The primary investment risk is continued branded checkout volume erosion driven by mobile operating system wallets such as Apple Pay. If branded checkout loses market share, transaction margin dollars would compress and reduce the available to fund share buybacks.
The principal catalyst for value creation is PayPal's massive processing scale and cash generation. In FY2025, product transaction revenue reached $29,798M, supporting free cash flow of $5,564M. Management directs this cash into share repurchases, reducing the share count and compounding earnings per share.2,4
Two-Sided Network Effects
A two-sided global network connecting 439 million active consumer and merchant accounts creates substantial bilateral transaction liquidity, generating $29,798M in product transaction revenue in FY2025.4
Switching Costs and Software Integration
Deep technical checkout integration across millions of merchant online stores, recurring billing vaults, and Braintree processing infrastructure embeds PayPal into global enterprise commerce stacks, supporting $33,172M in net revenues.3
Brand Trust and Scale Advantage
Consumer trust and fraud protection in international cross-border e-commerce facilitate $14,304M in non-US net revenues, where brand recognition serves as a trusted checkout intermediary.4
Recomendación de la casa
PayPal is rated Buy because massive transaction volume scale and high cash conversion fund aggressive share repurchases that compound per-share intrinsic value despite competitive wallet pressures.
Descripción general de la empresa
PayPal Holdings, Inc. is a leading technology platform that enables digital payments and simplifies commerce for consumers and merchants worldwide. The company operates a global, two-sided payment network connecting hundreds of millions of active consumers and merchant accounts across approximately two hundred markets.
The company's offerings include PayPal, PayPal Credit, Braintree, Venmo, Xoom, and Zettle. PayPal earns net revenues primarily by charging transaction fees to merchants and consumers based on total payment volume processed, as well as through value-added services such as merchant gateway solutions, credit products, and interest earned on customer balances.
§2 Caso bajistaEN
A combined downside scenario evaluates the simultaneous impact of branded checkout disintermediation by mobile OS wallets, intense price wars in unbranded processing, and macroeconomic deceleration in cross-border trade. Under this compounding stress test, consolidated revenue growth stalls, operating margins compress toward 15.0%, and the market rerates PayPal as an undifferentiated transaction processor at 7.5x forward earnings. While free cash flow would remain positive due to minimal capital expenditure requirements, capital return through share repurchases would be substantially curtailed.
The Bear scenario reflects persistent competitive erosion where mobile operating system wallets disintermediate branded checkout and unbranded processing pricing pressure forces operating margin compression. In this path, earnings power stagnates and the valuation multiple remains depressed. This downside would be confirmed by sequential declines in transaction margin dollars and active accounts over the next several fiscal quarters.
Cómo puede fallar esta tesis
Severe branded checkout volume loss to mobile native wallets driving operating margin collapse
In 2Q26, GAAP operating margin contracted 171 bps YoY to 16.4% while transaction margin dropped 150 bps to 44.9%. Further branded checkout share loss to mobile OS native wallets forces operating margins below 15.0%.3
FV impact
0%
Operating margin 3 points lower throughout
Trigger
Within 12 months
Señales de alerta temprana a vigilar
Los cinco acontecimientos que debilitarían nuestra tesis de inversión.
Further branded checkout share loss to mobile OS native wallets forces operating margins below 15.00%, demonstrating unrecoverable take-rate compression.
Actual:16.4% in 2Q26
Alerta si15.00%
02
§3 Foso competitivoEN
Narrow
PayPal's competitive position is anchored by its two-sided platform scale, spanning 439 million active accounts and millions of merchant integrations. This bilateral network provides high liquidity and consumer familiarity that independent payment gateways struggle to replicate, enabling the business to generate $29,798M in transaction revenue in FY2025.
However, the company's economic moat is rated Narrow rather than Wide due to mounting competitive friction in mobile checkout. Native mobile operating system wallets such as Apple Pay possess device-level distribution advantages that reduce checkout friction and contest PayPal's branded checkout button, as evidenced by a compressed forward valuation multiple.
To defend its installed base, PayPal is deploying Fastlane guest checkout and deepening enterprise integrations via Braintree. While these solutions preserve transaction volume, the mix shift toward unbranded processing creates take-rate dilution, requiring disciplined cost management to preserve economic profits.
Beneficio económico
PayPal generates substantial economic profit well above its cost of capital. In FY2025, operating cash flow reached $6,416M and free cash flow was $5,564M against net income of $5,233M. The resulting return on equity of 24.50% significantly surpasses the company's moderate cost of equity of 10.04% and weighted average cost of capital of 8.81%, generating enduring economic value.2,3
7/ 10
Narrow
Sources of advantage
01Two-Sided Network Effects — A two-sided global network connecting 439 million active consumer and merchant accounts creates substantial bilateral transaction liquidity, generating $29,798M in product transaction revenue in FY2025.Wide
02Switching Costs and Software Integration — Deep technical checkout integration across millions of merchant online stores, recurring billing vaults, and Braintree processing infrastructure embeds PayPal into global enterprise commerce stacks, supporting $33,172M in net revenues.Moderate
03Brand Trust and Scale Advantage — Consumer trust and fraud protection in international cross-border e-commerce facilitate $14,304M in non-US net revenues, where brand recognition serves as a trusted checkout intermediary.
Amenazas conocidas al foso
Amenaza
Severidad
Cronograma
Mitigación
Branded checkout disintermediation by mobile OS native wallets such as Apple Pay.
high
12 to 24 months
Accelerating merchant adoption of Fastlane guest checkout and enhancing mobile biometric authentication.
Take-rate compression in enterprise unbranded card processing (Braintree).
The highlighted cell is Fair value when every assumption sits at its base level ($68.37). Each row and column shows what Fair value becomes when one assumption moves.
In the Bull scenario, with an estimated probability of 20.0%, the shares offer an implied return of 43.1% toward Potential value $81.87. For this scenario to materialize, Fastlane guest checkout must achieve rapid merchant adoption, Venmo monetization must expand, and operating margins must scale toward historical highs. This thesis would be disconfirmed if branded volume growth stalls or if transaction expense rates rise, observable over the coming fiscal quarters.
Consensus earnings per share and revenue estimates for FY2026 and FY2027 have experienced positive revisions following recent quarterly execution, reflecting market recognition of operating expense discipline and share repurchase accretion.
Métricas a vigilar antes de la publicación
01
Métrica:
Branded Checkout Volume Growth
ActualBranded checkout volume growth has stabilized following strategic enhancements in guest checkout.
Cash flow generation is a core strength of PayPal's mature compounder financial profile. In FY2025, operating cash flow reached $6,416M and free cash flow was $5,564M on GAAP net income of $5,233M. This high cash conversion ratio of 1.23x operating cash flow to net income reflects negative working capital needs, rapid transaction settlement cycles, and asset-light operations.2,3
Asignación de capital
PayPal maintains a shareholder-friendly capital allocation strategy focused heavily on open market share repurchases. In FY2025, were modest at $852M, was $1,002M, and the broad position stood at $435M. With annual share buybacks of approximately $6B comfortably exceeding stock-based compensation, is shrinking by roughly 2.5% annually, accelerating per-share growth.
Capital efficiency remains strong as PayPal's asset-light model requires minimal capital expenditures ($852M in FY2025) to support over $33B in revenue. Disciplined operating cost management and margin normalization toward 19.5% support an improving trajectory in return on invested capital.
PayPal's return on equity of 24.50% substantially exceeds its weighted average cost of capital of 8.81% and moderate cost of equity of 10.04%, confirming substantial economic value creation.
Ingresos más recientes33,2 mil M US$CAGR de ingresos +13,2 %
Margen operativo18,3 %10 periodos fiscales
Flujo de caja libre más reciente5564 M US$FY2025
Caja neta435 M US$FY2025
Desglose de la cuenta de resultadosCómo la escala del negocio se convierte en beneficio declarado.
StockMarketAgent.AI
Ingresos33,2 mil M US$Coste de ventas−17,7 mil M US$Beneficio bruto15,5 mil M US$Gastos operativos−9400 M US$Beneficio operativo6065 M US$Partidas no operativas e impuestos−832 M US$Beneficio neto5233 M US$
Datos del historial financiero
Ingresos
33.172.000.000 US$
Coste de ventas
17.707.000.000 US$
Beneficio bruto
15.465.000.000 US$
Gastos operativos
9.400.000.000 US$
Beneficio operativo
6.065.000.000 US$
Partidas no operativas e impuestos
-832.000.000 US$
Beneficio neto
5.233.000.000 US$
Resumen del balanceCómo se mantienen y financian los activos declarados en el período seleccionado.
StockMarketAgent.AI
Composición de activosFinanciado por
Activos totales80,2 mil M US$Efectivo8049 M US$Activos corrientes59,8 mil M US$Pasivos totales59,9 mil M US$Pasivos corrientes46,4 mil M US$Patrimonio neto20,3 mil M US$
Datos del desglose del balance
Activos totales
80.173.000.000 US$
Efectivo
8.049.000.000 US$
Activos corrientes
59.759.000.000 US$
Pasivos totales
59.917.000.000 US$
Pasivos corrientes
46.443.000.000 US$
Patrimonio neto
20.256.000.000 US$
Puente de flujo de cajaCómo el flujo de caja operativo se convirtió en flujo de caja libre en FY2025.
StockMarketAgent.AI
Conciliación del flujo operativo
Beneficio neto5233 M US$Depreciación y amortización+963 M US$Compensación basada en acciones+1002 M US$Otros ajustes operativos−782 M US$Flujo de caja operativo6416 M US$
Conciliación del efectivo inicial al final
Efectivo inicial22,5 mil M US$Flujo de caja operativo+6416 M US$Flujo de inversión+797 M US$Flujo de financiación−5958 M US$Efecto del tipo de cambio+273 M US$Efectivo final24 mil M US$
6416 M US$ − 852 M US$Flujo de caja libre 5564 M US$
Datos del puente de flujo de caja
Beneficio neto
5.233.000.000 US$
Entrada operativa
7.198.000.000 US$
Depreciación y amortización
963.000.000 US$
Compensación basada en acciones
1.002.000.000 US$
Flujo de caja operativo
6.416.000.000 US$
Salida operativa
782.000.000 US$
Efectivo disponible
29.976.000.000 US$
Efectivo inicial
22.490.000.000 US$
Entrada de inversión
797.000.000 US$
Efecto del tipo de cambio
273.000.000 US$
Salida de financiación
5.958.000.000 US$
Emisión neta de deuda
482.000.000 US$
Recompras de acciones
6.052.000.000 US$
Dividendos pagados
130.000.000 US$
Otras actividades de financiación
258.000.000 US$
Efectivo final
24.018.000.000 US$
Flujo de inversión
797.000.000 US$
Flujo de financiación
-5.958.000.000 US$
Ingresos por categoría de negocioProporción de los ingresos totales de 2025-12-31.
33,2 mil M US$Ingresos totales
Ingresos por categoría de negocioProporción
Transaction Revenue29,8 mil M US$89,8 %+3,3 % interanual
Revenues From Other Value Added Services3374 M US$10,2 %+14,2 % interanual
Fuente: SEC EDGAR · Presentado 2026-02-03 · SEC EDGAR
Datos de composición de ingresos: Ingresos por categoría de negocio
Ingresos por categoría de negocio
Ingresos
Proporción
interanual
Transaction Revenue
29,8 mil M US$
89,8 %
3,3 %
Revenues From Other Value Added Services
3374 M US$
10,2 %
14,2 %
Ingresos por regiónProporción de los ingresos totales de 2025-12-31.
33,2 mil M US$Ingresos totales
Ingresos por regiónProporción
United States18,9 mil M US$56,9 %+3,3 % interanual
Non Us14,3 mil M US$43,1 %+5,7 % interanual
Fuente: SEC EDGAR · Presentado 2026-02-03 · SEC EDGAR
Datos de composición de ingresos: Ingresos por región
Ingresos por región
Ingresos
Proporción
interanual
United States
18,9 mil M US$
56,9 %
3,3 %
Non Us
14,3 mil M US$
43,1 %
5,7 %
Ingresos y beneficiosCómo la escala del negocio se convierte en beneficio declarado.
Efectivo y deudaLiquidez disponible frente al endeudamiento total.
Generación de efectivoFlujo de caja operativo frente al flujo de caja libre.
RentabilidadEvolución de los márgenes bruto, operativo y neto.
Datos financieros puntuales utilizados en el análisis del 2026-10-21.
Datos del historial financiero
Período
Ingresos
EBITDA
Beneficio neto
Flujo de caja operativo
Flujo de caja libre
Capex
Depreciación y amortización
Compensación basada en acciones
Recompras de acciones
Dividendos pagados
Emisión neta de deuda
Flujo de inversión
Flujo de financiación
Efectivo inicial
Efectivo final
Efectivo e inversiones
Deuda total
Margen operativo
ROIC
WACC
Diferencial ROIC−WACC
2016-12-31
10,8 mil M US$
2358 M US$
1401 M US$
3158 M US$
2489 M US$
669 M US$
724 M US$
438 M US$
995 M US$
0 US$
—
-5904 M US$
2038 M US$
—
6119 M US$
4975 M US$
—
14,6 %
—
—
—
2017-12-31
13,1 mil M US$
3012 M US$
1795 M US$
2531 M US$
1864 M US$
667 M US$
805 M US$
733 M US$
1006 M US$
0 US$
—
-4485 M US$
4084 M US$
6119 M US$
8285 M US$
5695 M US$
1000 M US$
16,2 %
—
6,0 %
—
2018-12-31
15,5 mil M US$
3229 M US$
2057 M US$
5480 M US$
4657 M US$
823 M US$
776 M US$
853 M US$
3520 M US$
2075 M US$
—
821 M US$
-1240 M US$
8285 M US$
13,2 mil M US$
9109 M US$
1998 M US$
14,2 %
—
6,2 %
—
2019-12-31
17,8 mil M US$
4025 M US$
2459 M US$
4071 M US$
3367 M US$
704 M US$
912 M US$
1021 M US$
1411 M US$
4293 M US$
—
-5742 M US$
4187 M US$
13,2 mil M US$
15,7 mil M US$
10,8 mil M US$
5472 M US$
15,3 %
—
5,3 %
—
2020-12-31
21,5 mil M US$
6463 M US$
4202 M US$
6219 M US$
5353 M US$
866 M US$
1189 M US$
1376 M US$
1635 M US$
5019 M US$
—
-16,5 mil M US$
12,5 mil M US$
15,7 mil M US$
18 mil M US$
13,1 mil M US$
9725 M US$
15,3 %
—
4,9 %
—
2021-12-31
25,4 mil M US$
5596 M US$
4169 M US$
5797 M US$
4889 M US$
908 M US$
1265 M US$
1376 M US$
3373 M US$
4608 M US$
—
-5149 M US$
-557 M US$
18 mil M US$
18 mil M US$
9500 M US$
8811 M US$
16,8 %
—
5,6 %
—
2022-12-31
27,5 mil M US$
4987 M US$
2419 M US$
5813 M US$
5107 M US$
706 M US$
1317 M US$
1261 M US$
4199 M US$
3475 M US$
1789 M US$
-3328 M US$
-1203 M US$
18 mil M US$
19,2 mil M US$
10,9 mil M US$
11,1 mil M US$
13,9 %
—
8,0 %
—
2023-12-31
29,8 mil M US$
6830 M US$
4246 M US$
4843 M US$
4220 M US$
623 M US$
1072 M US$
1475 M US$
5002 M US$
0 US$
475 M US$
752 M US$
-2993 M US$
19,2 mil M US$
21,8 mil M US$
14,1 mil M US$
9676 M US$
16,9 %
—
8,2 %
—
2024-12-31
31,8 mil M US$
6743 M US$
4147 M US$
7450 M US$
6767 M US$
683 M US$
1032 M US$
1230 M US$
6047 M US$
0 US$
-115 M US$
1689 M US$
-8276 M US$
21,8 mil M US$
22,5 mil M US$
10,9 mil M US$
9879 M US$
16,7 %
—
9,0 %
—
2025-12-31
33,2 mil M US$
7696 M US$
5233 M US$
6416 M US$
5564 M US$
852 M US$
963 M US$
1002 M US$
6052 M US$
130 M US$
482 M US$
797 M US$
-5958 M US$
22,5 mil M US$
24 mil M US$
10,4 mil M US$
9987 M US$
18,3 %
—
8,7 %
—
§9 Comparación de valoración con pares
Valor razonableReport-date price
PayPal Holdings, Inc.PYPL
Precio / valor razonable
Valor razonable68,37 US$Report-date price57,2 US$
Fecha de evaluación
Ventaja competitivaNarrow
Cuadro de mando de inversión66 / 100
Mastercard IncorporatedMA
Precio / valor razonable
Valor razonable621,75 US$Report-date price579,21 US$
Fecha de evaluación
Ventaja competitivaNarrow
Cuadro de mando de inversión66 / 100
Visa Inc.V
Precio / valor razonable
Valor razonable392,89 US$Report-date price368,29 US$
PayPal Holdings, Inc. (PYPL) trades at 9.1x forward earnings against a peer median of 23.6x. Its EV/EBITDA of 8.0x compares with a peer median of 21.4x. The comparison uses 4 peers: Mastercard Incorporated, Visa Inc., Intercontinental Exchange Inc. and Nasdaq, Inc., as of 2026-10-21.
§10 Industria y cicloEN
Fase del ciclo
Contraction
Industry capex-to-revenue stands at 2.4% and industry capex-to-depreciation stands at 0.90, demonstrating disciplined capital spending below annual depreciation rates across financial technology and transaction processors.
Ciclo alcista
During an economic expansion, accelerating global e-commerce volumes, elevated cross-border travel spending, and merchant formation expand payment processing volume and drive operating leverage. Given that industry capacity, lead-time, and customer-concentration evidence is unavailable, this cyclical assessment is demand-led and evidence-limited.
Ciclo bajista
In a cyclical payment downturn, consumer discretionary spending contracts, cross-border e-commerce volumes decelerate, and merchants negotiate aggressive fee discounts, compressing processor transaction margins. Given that industry capacity, lead-time, and customer-concentration evidence is unavailable, this cyclical assessment is demand-led and evidence-limited.
Tendencias seculares
Tendencia
Impacto
Nota
Secular Expansion of Digital Payments
positive
Ongoing global migration from cash and checks to electronic payments and digital wallets expands total addressable payment volumes across online and offline commerce.
Proliferation of Mobile Operating System Wallets
negative
Native mobile operating system wallets such as Apple Pay exert checkout friction and contest third-party digital wallet buttons on mobile browsers.
Cross-Border E-Commerce Digitization
positive
Merchants expanding into international markets require sophisticated fraud management, multi-currency processing, and cross-border payment acceptance.
Posicionamiento
PayPal is positioned as an incumbent transaction scale leader with $33,172M in consolidated net revenue and $6,416M in operating cash flow, providing the balance-sheet liquidity and volume scale needed to navigate payment industry cycles.3
§11 Gestión de posiciónEN
Tamaño de posición
4-5%
A moderate position sizing is warranted by PayPal's defensive balance sheet, substantial free cash flow, and steady share count reduction, balanced against ongoing wallet competition from mobile operating systems.
Riesgo
Limit total portfolio exposure to transaction processing and financial technology, maintaining cash buffer discipline and avoiding concentration ahead of major earnings releases.
Tramos de entrada
Nivel
Acción
Por qué
$57.20
Initial core accumulation
Establishes core position where share price satisfies the required margin of safety.
$57.20
Secondary tranche accumulation
Deploys capital at the analysis level to secure 19.5% upside toward Fair value $68.37.
Tramos de salida
Nivel
Acción
$68.37
Trim one-third of position to lock in capital gains.
$81.87
Trim remaining position and re-evaluate multi-year terminal upside.
Trading at a depressed forward valuation multiple, PayPal offers 19.5% upside to Fair value $68.37 as Fastlane guest checkout expands market share.1
Income / Low-Volatility Investor
Hold
Capital return is weighted toward share repurchases rather than cash dividends, making PayPal better suited for capital appreciation than current income generation.
§14 Recomendación finalEN
Acción
Comprar
PayPal is recommended as a Buy with 19.5% upside from $57.20 (as of 2026-10-21) to Fair value $68.37, supported by massive payment processing scale and strong free cash flow generation.
While wallet competition limits valuation multiple expansion, disciplined operating expense management and aggressive share buybacks provide a compounding path toward Potential value $81.87.
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Sources
The records this analysis drew on, as they stood when it was run.
Not every cited input appears here: internal calculations and intermediate model outputs have no external record, and some citations could not be matched to one.
Unbranded price competition and merchant churn triggering multi-year revenue stagnation
Consensus projects 4.72% revenue growth in FY2026 and 4.19% in FY2027. Continued take-rate erosion in Braintree and negative international FXN growth (-3% in 2Q26) trigger top-line stagnation.4
FV impact
-1.7%
Revenue and EPS growth 5 points lower for five years
Trigger
Within 24 months
Franchise multiple derating as digital wallet moat degrades to commoditized processing utility
PayPal trades at 9.07x forward P/E. Continued active account contraction (-0.2M in 2Q26) and lack of pricing power lead to multiple de-rating toward commodity processor levels.1
In the Base scenario, representing the modal path with an estimated probability of 55.0%, the shares provide an implied return of 19.5% toward Fair value $68.37. This outcome requires mid-single-digit revenue growth, operating margin stabilization through overhead discipline, and ongoing share retirement. The scenario would be disconfirmed if operating margins contract for multiple consecutive quarters, with verification available by the end of FY2026.
Por qué importa
Reveals product mix shifts between higher-margin branded checkout and lower-margin unbranded Braintree processing.
03
Métrica:
Active Account Count and Engagement
ActualTotal active accounts have plateaued while transactions per active account have increased sequentially.
Por qué importa
Indicates whether platform user retention and frequency are growing or succumbing to mobile wallet competition.
Product transaction revenue reached $29,798M in FY2025, representing 89.8% of consolidated net revenues of $33,172M.
Consolidated revenue and gross margin durability depend predominantly on transaction processing volumes and take rates across PayPal, Venmo, and Braintree.
International Revenue Generates Essential Geographic Diversification
Non-US net revenue reached $14,304M in FY2025, accounting for 43.1% of consolidated net revenues.
International e-commerce and cross-border payment flows provide critical geographical diversification and higher-margin currency conversion fees that balance domestic US market saturation.
Intercontinental Exchange, Inc.ICE
Precio / valor razonable
Valor razonable133,03 US$Report-date price154,31 US$
Fecha de evaluación
Ventaja competitivaWide
Cuadro de mando de inversión62 / 100
Nasdaq, Inc.NDAQ
Precio / valor razonable
Valor razonable70,15 US$Report-date price91,98 US$