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Quote this valuation with its source: Fair value, Potential value and the price at analysis.
FAQ
MRVL — frequently asked questions
Is Marvell Technology Inc. overvalued?
In our latest published analysis dated 2026-10-02, MRVL looks meaningfully overvalued. The price recorded at analysis is USD 264 versus our fair value of USD 124; the high endpoint is presented separately as potential value of USD 182. That implies roughly 53.0% downside to fair value at that date.
Our latest published report, analyzed 2026-10-02, gives MRVL a fair value of USD 124 and a potential value of USD 182. The conclusion is triangulated across multiple valuation models and weighted by reliability for Marvell Technology Inc.'s archetype; it is a dated research output, not a live price.
Should I buy MRVL now?
Our latest published rating for MRVL, analyzed 2026-10-02, is Sell. Marvell Technology Inc. looks meaningfully overvalued at the analysis-date price of USD 264 versus fair value of USD 124; potential value is USD 182. This is research for educational purposes, not personalized investment advice.
What are the biggest risks for MRVL?
The dedicated bear-case section in our report analyzed 2026-10-02 documents Marvell Technology Inc.'s material risks, evidence, thresholds, and thesis-invalidation conditions. Scenario-specific explanations remain in that section so the report does not repeat or decontextualize them elsewhere.
What is MRVL's rating?
Our latest published rating for MRVL, analyzed 2026-10-02, is Sell, with a published moat assessment of 7.5/10 (Narrow). It reflects our fair value of USD 124, the potential value of USD 182, and the price recorded at analysis (USD 264).
Accelerated multi-hyperscaler adoption of custom compute accelerators beyond Customer A, combined with stronger-than-projected 800G and 1.6T optical DSP deployments, driving FY2028 consolidated revenue above the guided $18.0 billion level and expanding non-GAAP operating margin to the top of the guided 38%-40% range, supporting our upside valuation scenario of $181.83.
Marvell Technology Inc. (MRVL) trades at $264.21 as of September 30, 2026, representing an unsustainable 112.54% premium to our fundamental Fair value midpoint of $124.31 (implied return of -52.95%). The Investment Committee issues a Sell rating. While Marvell benefits from substantial secular tailwinds across AI data center networking and hyperscale custom compute accelerators, the market forward P/E multiple of 62.11x far exceeds peer Broadcom at 18.12x and the peer median of 21.88x, leaving investors exposed to severe multiple derating and packaging margin dilution.3
Marvell Technology Inc. (MRVL) is experiencing top-line acceleration driven by the rapid scaling of hyperscale artificial intelligence clusters. However, at a market price of $264.21 as of September 30, 2026, the equity trades at a 112.54% premium to our synthesized Fair value midpoint of $124.31, implying a negative return of -52.95%. The current valuation multiple of 62.11x forward earnings represents an extreme premium relative to key semiconductor peers such as Broadcom at 18.12x, AMD at 39.27x, and the peer median of 21.88x. The Investment Committee assigns a definitive Sell rating, as market pricing reflects peak AI sentiment and fails to provide adequate margin of safety against custom silicon margin headwinds and customer concentration risks.3
Operational execution in the core data center business is undeniably robust. Data center segment revenue expanded to $6,100.3 million in FY2026, accounting for 74.4% of consolidated revenue of $8,194.6 million,. Management raised its revenue outlook to approximately $12 billion in FY2027 and approximately $18 billion in FY2028, backed by guided data center growth of ~60% in FY2027 and more than 60% in FY2028. Upward consensus revisions reflect this momentum, with FY2028 EPS estimates revised upward by 7.54% to $6.76. Marvell high-speed PAM4 optical DSPs and silicon photonics maintain an effective duopoly with Broadcom, while custom compute accelerators secure critical architectural validation in tier-1 hyperscaler environments, including the TPU ecosystem.1,4,5,6
Despite top-line expansion, structural unit economics are diluted by the rapid growth of custom ASIC programs. Management guided Q3 FY2027 GAAP gross margin to 52.9%-53.9%, citing the sequential margin headwind created by the acceleration of custom silicon packaging and assembly pass-through costs. While non-GAAP operating margins are targeted at 38%-40% for FY2028, achieving this requires substantial SG&A leverage over a fixed R&D cost base. Concurrently, customer concentration is acute: Customer A represented 14.0% of FY2026 revenue, and Distributor A accounted for 37.0%. Any dual-sourcing of custom accelerators by key hyperscalers or cyclical digestion would directly jeopardize management FY2028 revenue targets.4,6
To secure capacity for this ramp, Marvell committed approximately $1.0 billion in FY2027 supplier capacity prepayments, creating an upfront working capital drain that compresses near-term free cash flow. This compares to the analyst consensus 12-month price target present-value equivalent of $257.60 (discounted from $290.97 at Marvell 12.95% cost of equity). Because the share price of $264.21 as of September 30, 2026 leaves zero protection against execution missteps, investors are advised to harvest profits and trim or exit positions.2,3,4
Duopoly in Optical Interconnect and Silicon Photonics
Marvell shares an entrenched duopoly with Broadcom in high-speed PAM4 optical DSPs and electro-optics, positioning the company to capture massive data center bandwidth demand as AI clusters scale, which pushed FY2026 data center revenue to $6,100.3 million (74.4% of total revenue) and supports guided data center growth exceeding 60% in FY2028.4,6
Hyperscale Custom Silicon Co-Design Integration
Co-design engagements for proprietary AI compute accelerators—exemplified by Marvell strategic role in the hyperscale TPU ecosystem —underpin management raised revenueguidance to approximately $18 billion in FY2028, unlocking substantial operating leverage toward 38%-40% non-GAAP operating margins.
House recommendation
The fundamental verdict is Sell. Marvell present stock price of $264.21 discounts uninterrupted flawless execution through FY2028, requiring consolidated revenue to reach $18 billion while ignoring substantial packaging margin dilution (GAAP gross margin guided to 52.9%-53.9%) and elevated customer concentration (Customer A at 14.0%, Distributor A at 37.0%).3,4,6
Company overview
MARVELL TECHNOLOGY, INC offers a complete portfolio of high-speed interconnect semiconductor solutions for inside cloud data centers, between cloud data centers and in carrier networks. MARVELL TECHNOLOGY, INC offers a broad portfolio of Ethernet solutions spanning controllers, network adapters, physical transceivers and switches.
Its Ethernet solutions address a wide variety of end-customer data infrastructure products from small, high-reliability sub-systems to large, high-performance modular enterprise and data center solutions.
In a combined stress scenario, Marvell experiences severe margin and valuation compression as hyperscale custom silicon maturity collides with aggressive peer competition. If Customer A (14.0% of FY2026 revenue) dual-sources its next-generation inference accelerator sockets to Broadcom, Marvell's custom silicon volume decelerates sharply, causing consolidated FY2028 revenue to miss management's guided $18.0 billion target and fall below $15.0 billion. Concurrently, pass-through CoWoS packaging costs push GAAP gross margins down below 50.0%, preventing non-GAAP operating margin from reaching the guided 38%-40% range and compressing it toward 32%-33%. As hyperscaler capex growth normalizes and free cash flow is absorbed by $1.0 billion in capacity prepayments, market multiples derate from an unsustainable 62.11x forward P/E toward the peer median of 21.88x. Under this joint realization of socket attrition, cost pass-through failure, and multiple derating, equity value deflates toward the low valuation boundary of $84.44, representing severe capital impairment from prevailing price levels.
Marvell's competitive position is anchored by its technical duopoly with Broadcom in high-speed PAM4 optical digital signal processors (DSPs) and silicon photonics interconnects. As artificial intelligence data center clusters transition from 400G to 800G and 1.6T networking architectures, interconnect bandwidth density and power efficiency become primary system-level constraints. Marvell's high-speed SerDes design capabilities and optical DSP intellectual property require specialized analog mixed-signal engineering expertise that very few global semiconductor firms possess, creating structural intangible asset barriers. This technology leadership allows Marvell to capture leading merchant share across tier-1 transceiver manufacturers and hyperscale cloud service providers.
In addition to optical interconnects, Marvell has built meaningful customer switching costs through its custom compute accelerator (ASIC) co-design platform. By partnering with leading cloud hyperscalers to engineer tailored inference processors and custom silicon within major architectures like the TPU ecosystem,, Marvell integrates its proprietary IP, memory controllers, and advanced packaging topologies directly into customer rack architectures. Once an ASIC is taped out and deployed across thousands of server nodes, substituting the silicon provider requires massive software recompilation, firmware redesign, and board re-engineering, effectively locking in customer engagements across full multi-year product cycles.
However, Marvell's economic moat remains strictly Narrow rather than Wide due to substantial structural offsets. Foremost is extreme revenue concentration: Customer A accounted for 14.0% of FY2026 revenue and Distributor A represented 37.0%, granting key customers enormous commercial over contract pricing and . Furthermore, Marvell faces Broadcom (AVGO), which commands $1.68 trillion in market capitalization and an of 54.3%, granting Broadcom superior R&D scale and packaging leverage that caps Marvell's market power.
The highlighted cell is Fair value when every assumption sits at its base level ($124.31). Each row and column shows what Fair value becomes when one assumption moves.
Free cash flow to the firm stays positive in the first projected year at $2.4B after modeled reinvestment of $1.3B, with terminal value at 70.9% of enterprise value. A sudden drop in free cash flow is not projected unless capital spending relative to , reinvestment, or resets materially.
Maintain Sell; Maintain zero portfolio allocation; use share price strength on positive earnings reactions to complete existing position liquidations and verify GAAP gross margin conversion against custom packaging dilution.
Even if Q3 FY2027 results exceed the $3.15 billion revenue midpoint and $1.15 non-GAAP EPS ceiling,, Marvell's valuation at 62.11x forward P/E trades at a 112.5% premium to intrinsic of $124.31, warranting maintaining the frozen Sell rating.
Industry capex-to-revenue stands at 4.4% and capex-to-depreciation at 1.27x. Concurrently, Marvell is committing approximately $1.0 billion in FY2027 capacity prepayments to suppliers to secure scarce leading-edge foundry allocations and advanced CoWoS packaging capacity.4
Bull cycle
The semiconductor capital and demand cycle is undergoing a powerful expansion phase driven by hyperscale AI infrastructure investments. Hyperscalers are scaling multi-gigawatt data center clusters, demanding exponential increases in optical interconnect bandwidth and customized accelerator silicon. This drives accelerating demand for Marvell's 800G and 1.6T PAM4 optical DSPs and custom ASICs, supporting management's raised guidance of ~60% data center growth in FY2027 and more than 60% in FY2028.
Bear cycle
A cyclical downturn would emerge if hyperscalers enter a capex digestion phase following aggressive cluster builds, or if custom silicon packaging costs persistently dilute gross margins without adequate markup. In addition, Marvell's non-data center businesses face lingering cyclical headwinds: communications and other ($2,094.3 million in FY2026) is guided to decline in the low to mid-teens percentage range in Q3 FY2027, illustrating vulnerability to enterprise networking and telecom infrastructure pauses.
§11 Position management
Sizing
0%
Zero portfolio allocation is recommended based on the committee Sell rating. Marvell trades at $264.21, representing an unsustainable 112.5% premium to our synthesized fair value of $124.31 and an implied return of -52.95%. Even under the optimistic bull-case scenario fair value of $181.83, shares remain overvalued by more than 45%.3
Risk
Risk management focuses on avoiding major capital impairment caused by multiple mean-reversion. Trading at 62.11x forward P/E against a peer median of 21.88x, Marvell carries high market risk with an adjusted beta of 1.86 (raw beta 2.23), and a strict cost of equity of 14.50%. The stock's extreme customer concentration (Customer A at 14.0% of revenue) and exposure to packaging yield bottlenecks create severe asymmetric downside risk. Fiduciary risk controls require immediate reduction of long exposure to protect capital.
§12 Investor perspectives
Institutional Value Investor
Avoid
Trading at 62.11x forward P/E, Marvell is priced at a 112.54% premium to our Fair value midpoint of $124.31, implying a -52.95% return against a 12.95% moderate cost of equity. The risk/reward profile does not warrant capital commitment.2,3
Existing Long-Term Shareholder
Avoid
The market has fully capitalized multi-year guidance to $18 billion in FY2028 at near-peak multiples. With gross margins experiencing sequential packaging dilution (guided to 52.9%-53.9% GAAP in Q3 FY2027), existing holders should monetize gains and exit into strength.
§14 Final recommendation
Action
Sell
The Investment Committee assigns a Sell rating for Marvell Technology Inc.. At the share price of $264.21 as of September 30, 2026, the stock trades at a 112.54% premium to our fundamental Fair value midpoint of $124.31, representing an implied return of -52.95%.3
While Marvell demonstrates formidable technological execution across PAM4 optical DSPs and custom AI compute accelerators with guided FY2028 revenue of ~$18 billion, the current forward P/E multiple of 62.11x leaves no margin of safety. Investors are fully exposed to gross margindilution from custom packaging pass-through costs (guided to 52.9%-53.9% GAAP gross margin in Q3 FY2027) and high (Customer A 14.0%, Distributor A 37.0%). Existing positions should be trimmed or sold to realize gains.
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Sources
The records this analysis drew on, as they stood when it was run.
Consolidated revenue growth decelerates below 22% CAGR as top customer programs transition6
Operating margins compress toward 33.0% due to packaging cost inflation and inability to mark up CoWoS expenses4
Exit forward P/E multiple derates toward 20.0x from peak sentiment levels of 62.11x3
Hyperscale cloud customers dual-source or insource next-generation custom compute accelerators, slowing custom silicon growth by FY2028. At the same time, pass-through packaging cost inflation and competitive pricing pressure compress operating margins, while exit valuation multiples derate toward peer norms as AI infrastructure spending moderates.
Ways this thesis can break
Hyperscaler Custom Silicon Program Cancellation or Socket Loss
Customer A accounted for 14.0% of FY2026 revenue and Distributor A represented 37.0%. If Customer A dual-sources or shifts next-generation custom compute accelerator production to Broadcom, FY2028 revenue fails to meet management's $18.0 billion target, driving 5-year revenue CAGR below 22% and reducing fair value by 35.0%.4,6
FV impact
-8.4%
Revenue and EPS growth 10 points lower for five years
Trigger
Within 12 months
Custom ASIC Advanced Packaging Cost Inflation and Margin Dilution
Management guides non-GAAP operating margin to 38%-40%, but Q3 FY2027 GAAP gross margin is guided to only 52.9%-53.9% due to custom silicon packaging cost headwinds. If advanced packaging costs and testing yield friction cannot be marked up, operating margins compress below 33.0%, reducing fair value by 28.5%.4
FV impact
-1.4%
Operating margin 6 points lower throughout
Trigger
Within 18 months
Extreme Valuation Multiple Derating from Peak AI Infrastructure Sentiment
Marvell's forward P/E of 62.11x trades at an unsustainable premium to peer Broadcom at 18.12x and peer median of 21.88x. As AI infrastructure spending normalizes from hyper-growth to replacement cadence, exit multiples contract below 20.0x, reducing fair value by 22.0%.3
FV impact
-9.7%
Terminal multiple 20% lower
Trigger
Within 24 months
Cost of Capital Escalation from High Beta and Market Volatility
Marvell's strict cost of equity is 14.4972% based on high raw regression beta of 2.2312. A 200 bps increase in required discount rate over the moderate 12.95% rate pushes Ke above 14.5%, sharply devaluing long-duration enterprise cash flows and reducing fair value by 18.5%.2
FV impact
Early-warning signals to monitor
The five developments that would weaken our investment case.
A drop in GAAP gross margin below 50.0% indicates excessive pass-through packaging costs and an inability to mark up advanced CoWoS packaging and HBM expenses to hyperscalers, eroding unit profitability.
Current:52.9% - 53.9% GAAP gross margin guided for Q3 FY2027
Deceleration below 30.0% would confirm socket dual-sourcing or hyperscaler capex digestion, undermining the primary corporate growth engine which accounts for 74.4% of total revenue.
Current:~60% YoY in FY2027 and >60% in FY2028 guided,
Multiple contraction below 25.0x reflects the collapse of peak AI infrastructure sentiment toward peer median levels of 21.88x, driving severe equity market price deflation toward intrinsic fair value.
A sudden drop in Customer A revenue share indicates next-generation socket dual-sourcing or design transition to Broadcom, removing high-volume custom silicon commitments.
Current:Customer A at 14.0% and Distributor A at 37.0% of FY2026 revenue,
Historical GAAP ROIC was weighed down by legacy acquisition intangibles amortization and cyclical carrier/enterprise downturns. However, projected non-GAAP operating margin expansion toward 38%-40% on $18.0 billion guided FY2028 revenue generates economic profits well in excess of the computed WACC of 12.78%, supporting a narrow moat classification.2,4
7.5/ 10
Narrow
Sources of advantage
01Switching Costs — Deep co-design integration in custom hyperscaler ASIC architectures, such as the TPU ecosystem and proprietary inference accelerators, embeds Marvell's custom IP, firmware, and physical packaging interfaces into multi-year hyperscaler platform lifecycles, imposing multi-quarter switching delays and architectural costs on cloud customers.Moderate
02Intangible Assets — Proprietary high-speed PAM4 electro-optics DSP technology, silicon photonics intellectual property, and high-speed SerDes interconnect designs create steep technical barriers to entry, establishing an effective market duopoly with Broadcom in data center optical interconnects,.Moderate
Convert the revenue and margin path into after-tax free cash flow, discount the annual per-share amounts and at , then adjust for signed per current share.
Terminal growth of 3.5% and exit P/E of 25.0x reflect steady-state compounder maturation3
Marvell delivers on management's guided ramp, reaching approximately $12.0 billion in FY2027 and $18.0 billion in FY2028, driven by ~60% data center growth. Non-GAAP operating margins expand to 38.5% in FY2028, while GAAP gross margins remain pressured in the 53%-54% range by custom silicon packaging pass-through costs. Operating earnings expand toward $6.76 per share in FY2028, but growth decelerates in out-years toward steady-state compounder rates.1,4
Supplier capacity prepayments of $1.0 billion convert smoothly into high-volume shipments without packaging bottlenecks4
Consolidated revenue surpasses management's FY2028 guidance, exceeding $19.5 billion as custom compute accelerators (XPUs) and 800G/1.6T PAM4 optical DSPs expand across multiple tier-1 hyperscalers beyond Customer A. Non-GAAP operating margins reach the top end of the 38%-40% long-term target, delivering robust cash generation and earnings expansion.4
Maintain Sell; Maintain position divestment schedule; re-examine customer concentration disclosures and track supplier capacity prepayment cash absorption.
Trigger: Q3 FY2027 revenue within $3.15 billion ± 5% ($2,992.5M to $3,307.5M) and non-GAAP EPS of $1.05 to $1.15,.4
Delivering inline results of $3.15 billion revenue and $1.10 non-GAAP EPS matches consensus,, but fails to justify the extreme valuation premium relative to our $124.31 fair value midpoint.
Miss
Maintain Sell; Complete immediate full position exit; audit whether custom ASIC design schedule slips or competitive socket dual-sourcing triggered the quarterly shortfall.
Earnings quality is characterized by a significant, persistent gap between GAAP and non-GAAP profitability, primarily driven by substantial stock-based compensation and historical intangible asset amortization. For Q3 FY2027, GAAP diluted EPS is guided to $0.48-$0.58 compared to non-GAAP diluted EPS of $1.05-$1.15,. Similarly, GAAP gross margin is guided to 52.9%-53.9% versus non-GAAP gross margin of 57.5%-58.5%,, with custom silicon packaging costs creating a sequential headwind. While non-GAAP operating margin is guided to expand to 38%-40%, cash flow conversion provides an essential reality check, particularly as working capital is absorbed by $1.0 billion in FY2027 supplier capacity prepayments.4
Cash flow dynamics reflect the intense working capital requirements of scaling leading-edge custom silicon programs. Management has committed approximately $1.0 billion in FY2027 supplier capacity prepayments to lock in wafer allocations and advanced packaging access. While these prepayments suppress free cash flow conversion during FY2027, cash generation is expected to expand rapidly in FY2028 as prepayments ease and operating leverage unfolds across $18.0 billion in guided revenue,.4
Capital allocation is directed primarily toward technology reinvestment and supplier capacity prepayments rather than large-scale shareholder cash distributions. Non-GAAP operating expenses are guided to approximately $2.55 billion in FY2027 to fund leading-edge tape-outs, while supplier capacity prepayments absorb $1.0 billion in FY2027. Balance sheet leverage remains conservative: total debt is $5,286.1 million against a market capitalization of $237.45 billion,, yielding a debt weight of 2.18%. Shareholder returns consist of a nominal annual dividend of $0.24 per share, with operating cash flow prioritized for AI infrastructure execution.
In FY2026, GAAP operating income was $1,322.9 million on revenue of $8,194.6 million,. Although historical GAAP returns were compressed by amortization from acquisitions and cyclical troughs, projected non-GAAP operating margin expansion toward 38%-40% on $18.0 billion guided revenue in FY2028 drives an improving ROIC trajectory.
Projected returns on invested capital exceed the computed WACC of 12.78% as operating leverage unfolds, though historical GAAP returns lagged WACC due to substantial goodwill and intangible asset balances.
Data Center Concentration is Surging as Legacy Communications Endures Cyclical Headwinds
Data center revenue was $6,100.3 million (74.4% of total revenue) in FY2026 and is guided to grow ~60% in FY2027 and >60% in FY2028, while communications and other revenue ($2,094.3 million in FY2026) is guided down low-to-mid teens in Q3 FY2027.
Marvell is rapidly evolving into a pure-play data center AI networking and custom compute business, amplifying corporate sensitivity to hyperscaler capital spending cycles.
Management guides Q3 FY2027 GAAP gross margin down to 52.9%-53.9% due to custom silicon packaging costs, but guides non-GAAP operating margin to 38%-40% in Q4 FY2027 and FY2028 as fixed non-GAAP opex ($2.55B guided in FY2027) scales over $12B and $18B revenue bases,.
Operating profit expansion depends entirely on top-line volume leverage over fixed operating expenses rather than gross margin expansion, heightening execution sensitivity to shipment volumes.
High Geographic Revenue Attribution to China and Taiwan Reflects Assembly Hubs Rather Than Final Consumption
China billing accounted for $2,969.9 million (36.2% of FY2026 revenue) and Taiwan accounted for $1,657.3 million (20.2%), compared to US billing of $1,174.1 million (14.3%).
Revenue invoicing is concentrated in Asian manufacturing hubs, leaving supply-chain logistics vulnerable to trade policy frictions and cross-strait operational disruptions despite US end demand.
Marvell Technology Inc. (MRVL) trades at 62.1x forward earnings against a peer median of 21.9x. Its EV/EBITDA of 81.8x compares with a peer median of 28.1x. The comparison uses 4 peers: Advanced Micro Devices Inc., Micron Technology Inc., Broadcom Inc. and Amphenol Corporation, as of 2026-09-30 to 2026-10-01.
Hyperscale AI Cluster Scaling and Optical Interconnect Density
positive
AI training and inference clusters demand massive inter-node optical bandwidth, accelerating the industry transition from 400G to 800G and 1.6T PAM4 DSPs and silicon photonics interconnects.
Leading cloud hyperscalers increasingly commission proprietary custom compute accelerators (XPUs) to optimize workload-specific total cost of ownership, driving high-volume ASIC co-design engagements.
Advanced 2.5D/3D Packaging and Leading-Edge Foundry Constraints
neutral
Advanced CoWoS packaging and sub-3nm foundry capacity remain structural industry bottlenecks, necessitating substantial supplier prepayments and tight supply-chain coordination.
Positioning
Marvell is strategically positioned as one of only two merchant suppliers capable of delivering high-speed PAM4 optical DSPs and silicon photonics interconnects at hyperscale volume, while maintaining a flexible custom ASIC co-design platform. However, its positioning is constrained by significant customer concentration with Customer A (14.0% of FY2026 revenue) and Distributor A (37.0%), as well as an R&D scale deficit relative to Broadcom.6
Entry tranches
Level
Action
Why
$124.31
Re-evaluate fundamental risk-reward; do not initiate without gross margin stabilization
Synthesized fair value midpoint representing intrinsic balance, but high beta of 1.86 and customer concentration warrant waiting for margin stability.
Assess for selective entry only if downside risks fully subside
Conservative downside valuation boundary offering an adequate margin of safety against custom ASIC program cancellation risks.
Exit tranches
Level
Action
$264.21
Liquidate 75-100% of existing holdings at market
$250.00
Full liquidation of any remaining exposure upon technical support breakdown
Near-term momentum is supported by Q3 FY2027 revenueguidance of $3.15 billion and upward consensus revisions to FY2028 EPS ($6.76). While momentum may persist short term, new long exposure carries asymmetric downside risk if customer concentration friction emerges.1,4
Not every cited input appears here: internal calculations and intermediate model outputs have no external record, and some citations could not be matched to one.
Discounted forecast-period cash flows ($22.22) plus discounted terminal value ($54.11) minus signed net debt per current share ($2.09) equals the $74.24 lens value shown above. Negative net debt is net cash, so subtracting it raises value.
